Assessment of Serum Interleukin 40 and 41 Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Interleukin 40 and 41 are novel immune-modulatory cytokines associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The study aims to evaluate novel cytokines in MS patients and their role as a potential biomarker for JCV reactivation in MS patients. Five millilitres of blood were taken from 165 individuals (age range 18–53 years), divided into 109 samples from MS patients (37 males and 72 females) who enrolled at Dr. Saad AlWitry Hospital for Neurosciences in Baghdad and 56 healthy volunteers (18 males and 38 females). The patients were distributed into three groups: MS patients, JCV-associated MS patients, and MS patients without therapy. ELISA has been used to measure the cytokine levels in the blood of MS patients and healthy volunteers. The serum level mean of IL-40 decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in the three groups of patients: MS patients (20.005±1.346 ng/ml), JCV-associated MS patients (24.520±1.454 ng/ml), and MS patients without therapy (24.686±3.008 ng/ml) compared to controls (42.287±4.742 ng/ml). For IL-41, its mean level also decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in MS patients (1.397±0.224 ng/ml), JCV-associated MS patients (1.545±0.175 ng/ml), and MS patients without therapy (1.161±0.276 ng/ml) compared to controls (3.044±0.321 ng/ml). Newly discovered cytokines (IL-40 and IL-41) were negatively associated with the severity of the disease and may have a role as a potential biomarker for MS.
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